![]() ![]() In the case of demand-responsive service, there are no formal “termini” for a route rather, the “termini” represent specific locations where persons are picked up or dropped off. This vehicle cycle is common to fixed-route service, particularly for bus and rail transit systems. Such movement from a route terminus to the depot is called a “pull-in”. When the vehicle has reached its final terminus for its set of trips, it returns to the depot. ![]() The vehicle continues in revenue service on the fixed routes, repeating the process of stopping at stations or stops to allow passengers to board and alight.A vehicle may also be moved between termini to start service on a different route, resulting in what is called a “deadhead” trip, not in revenue service, between the two termini.If it returns along the same route or another route starting from the same terminus, there may be a short time for recovery before reentering revenue service, called a “layover”. When it reaches a route terminus, the vehicle is re-positioned for further service.While moving along the route, the vehicle is engaged in “revenue service”, so that time and miles spent along the route while providing passenger service are called “revenue hours” and “revenue miles”.Running time is the time spent traveling between stops or stations, and dwell time is the time spent stopped at locations to allow passengers to board and alight. While moving along the route, the vehicle incurs both running time and dwell time.We will call such movement of the vehicle a “trip” (or, vehicle trip). The vehicle travels from its starting location to another route terminus, stopping at stations or stops along the route to allow passengers to board and to alight.Such a movement, from the depot to this location, is called a “pull-out”. This is commonly at the terminus of a route. The vehicle is positioned from the depot to a location where it can begin service.The depot serves as a common location where vehicles are stored or maintained. The cycle begins when a vehicle is started from a depot (a garage, yard, or other location).This cycle is illustrated in the figure below. It is useful to refer to the operation of a vehicle (van, bus, or train) through the course of a day of transit service this is commonly referred to as the vehicle “cycle” because it tends to repeat itself from one day to the next. Concepts in operations and capacity The vehicle cycle ![]()
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